The English Disease, an explanation of how and why people become Essay

The English Disease, an explanation of how and why people become involved in football hooliganism, and how the state deals with it - Essay Example The research also evaluated the current state of laws and measures and found them to be both insufficient and at times redundant to curb football hooliganism. The research recommends that the state move away from treating football hooliganism as just another crime. Instead, there is a need to undertake an exhaustive study into the reasons why football hooligans operate. Once these reasons are know, the state needs to build up partnership with local communities, schools and families in both preventing and reporting incidences of football hooliganism. There has been an increased in the incidences of football fans creating havoc and indulging in fights before, during and after the matches of their favourite teams. These incidences are seen as a revival of what had come to be known as football hooliganism and had plagued the game in the 1960s through the 1980s. The term, ‘football hooliganism’, itself is defined in various ways and includes several different acts of vandalism. Football hooliganism has largely been described in the media as acts of violence and chaos created by the fans of football clubs during the matches. The term is also inclusive of acts of violence and even gang wars that may occur at a much later period after the matches are over or before they have begun, and would include fan clubs and gangs. Though, football hooliganism is recognized by the state as a crime that leads to arrests and punishments, the term itself has not been clearly defined in legal terms. The current paper endeavours to arrive at a conclusive understanding of the term football hooliganism and to develop a holistic definition for the same. With this, it is expected that insights could be gained for developing better prevention and penal programs. Moreover, the phenomenon of football hooliganism that had originally been noticed in the early 18th century has

According to Airbus the merger between BAE Systems and EADS was the Essay

According to Airbus the merger between BAE Systems and EADS was the last chance of creating a European aerospace and defence giant - Essay Example Production can be organized in three different ways (Craig and Campbell 114). Firms diversify in various means. They integrate vertically, horizontally or agglomerate. Vertical integration involves mergers of firms in the vertical; line of production. A firm can merge with other firms up or down the line of production. Mergers up the line of production are called forward vertical integration while mergers down the line of production, the backward vertical integration. Horizontal integration involves mergers between firms at the same level of production. Conglomerate integration involves the merging of companies in different line of production. The benefits of the above diversification methods are that firms are able to improve their performance hence growth and increase in capacity. They increase their market shares, synergies, and due to large-scale production, they realize economies of scope and economies of scope. Low production costs lead to maximized profits. This study examines the impact of mergers and acquisition on the performance of BAE systems. Diversification is the process through which an organization enters new processes of business in the market with the possibility of manufacturing new products. Mergers and acquisitions are a form of entry that a firm may use to enter a market. Many firms in the financial industry have utilized this means to enter new markets. Mergers and acquisitions can take the form of vertical integration, horizontal integration or conglomerates. Horizontal integration is a form of integration in which firms combine at the same stage of production. Ison and Griffiths (75) note that horizontal integration may help a certain company to increase their share value. Firms that undertake horizontal integration do benefit from economies of scale that result from capacity expansion, technical economies of scale,